动名词和目前分词辨别的问题

There are many "forced riders", who are suffering from the climate ||||||| having impacts scarcely contributed to the problem.

A.though B.despite

为何答案是though，把having done看做是分词，我能不能看成动名词，选despite

是否动名词having done的用法场景太少了以至于大家常常用他的分词使用方法？

原文是如此的：On the flip side, there are many "forced riders", who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem.

是你把题抄错了，还是你看的某本书的作者把句子改成错误的句子了。原句就是用介词短语表示让步关系的。